In the Works Cited list, page numbers are preceded by p. (single page) or pp. (multiple pages) ( MLA Handbook 193).

If a name is listed on the resource with the surname first (common in some languages, including Chinese, Japanese, and Korean), do not reverse the name in the works-cited list and do not use a comma ( MLA Handbook 113).

is used after the first author ( MLA Handbook 112).

When a source has three or more authors, et al.

The 9th edition provides a short list of recommended common academic abbreviations ( MLA Handbook 294-295).

If no title is given, use your own description of the work as the title' ( MLA Handbook 105). 'Omit any element that does not apply except the Title of the Source. It is very flexible and offers guidelines on how to reference each of them.

The 9th edition identifies and focuses on the nine core elements common to most sources: Similar to the 8th edition, the 9th edition offers a simplified approach as one citation format can be used for all source types. Commas are used in the author's name and between elements within each container.

Periods are used after the author, after the title of the source, at the end of the information for each container, and at the end of each entry. With a few exceptions, the punctuation for citations in the Works Cited list is limited to commas and periods. Įach citation in a works cited list ends with a period.Ĭitations that appear in the Works Cited list must have a matching in-text citation in your assignment. If a book does not give the publisher or the date of publication, then give what information you might know in square brackets. This is called a hanging indent.Įach entry presents information in a specific order: the author’s name, the title, the publication information.ĭouble-space the entire list, both between and within entries. The list is arranged alphabetically by the part of the name, title, or description beginning the entry ignore initial articles ( A, An, The, et cetera) ( MLA Handbook 219).Īfter the first line each entry is indented ½ inch or 5 spaces from the left margin. The list of works cited appears on a separate page at the end of the essay. It is titled (centred, no quotation marks, no underline, no bolding): This is a list of all the sources you have used to research your paper.

Mla formatter paper